Environmental Economics

Looks cold. Valentina Zharkova suggests that the cold summer in Great Britain may be a harbinger of her forecasted return of the (1645-1715) Maunder Minimum (low solar activity), a Granger cause of the Little Ice Age. Since Granger causation is not actual causation, we are left with solar physicist Phil Goode’s summary: “There are large poorly understood contributors to the Earth’s temperature changes independent of greenhouse gasses.”