A year ago, the Rutgers athletic department’s deficit was nearly $28 million, bringing the hole it has dug since 2005 to $190 million. To offset the losses, student fees have been raised and state funds reallocated. Last summer, Maryland’s athletic department cut seven varsity sports in trying to patch a $21 million shortfall.

Both schools have hit upon the same solution to their athletic and fiscal troubles: Next summer, they will join the Big Ten, among the most storied conferences in college football. …

The conference generated $315 million in revenue in the fiscal year ended in June 2012, the most of any conference, and was expected to reward most of its member schools with a split of $25.7 million each the next year. The primary source of the money has been television — most of it coming from a lucrative contract that [Big Ten Commissioner] Delany negotiated with ESPN and from the conference’s own cable network, which Mr. Delany was mostly responsible for creating in 2007. …

Mr. Delany was among the first to recognize the influence of cable, then satellite. His biggest coup has been the creation of the Big Ten Network, which is expected to produce $270 million of revenue in 2013 for the conference and its schools. And yet, for all of the TV money now in college sports, according to a recent Moody’s study, 90 percent of athletic departments at public schools require subsidies from their universities to meet their budgets. …

Few expect the pressures to compete at Rutgers to lessen now that it’s joining the Big Ten. Ohio State’s athletic department spent $124 million in 2012, while Rutgers spent $64 million. “We’re supposed to compete with Ohio State?” asked Mark Killingsworth, a Rutgers economics professor.